Intensity of Normal Stress Formula

Equation for calculate intensity of normal stress is,

σ_{x(max, min)} = [N / A] × [(M×Y) / I]

where,
σ_x = intensity of normal stress on horizontal plane
N = total vertical load on section (masonry + water)
A = sectional area of base
M = moment = (N×e)
e = eccentricity (distance from point of application to center of gravity of section)
Y = distance from center of gravity to most remote fiber
I = moment of inertia of horizontal section